CIA SealFactbook Logo Labor force
Country profile category: Economy
 
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Afghanistan: 10 million (2000 est.)
Albania: 1.692 million (including 352,000 emigrant workers and 261,000 domestically unemployed) (1994 est.)
Algeria: 9.1 million (2000 est.)
American Samoa: 14,000 (1996)
Andorra: 30,787 salaried employees (1998)
Angola: 5 million (1997 est.)
Anguilla: 4,400 (1992)
Antigua and Barbuda: 30,000
Argentina: 15 million (1999)
Armenia: 1.5 million (1999)
Aruba: 41,501 (1997 est.)
Australia: 9.5 million (December 1999)
Austria: 3.7 million (1999)
Azerbaijan: 2.9 million (1997)
Bahamas, The: 156,000 (1999)
Bahrain: 295,000 (1998 est.)

note:  44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (July 1998 est.)
Bangladesh: 64.1 million (1998)

note:  extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Qatar, and Malaysia; workers' remittances estimated at $1.71 billion in 1998-99
Barbados: 136,000 (1998 est.)
Belarus: 4.8 million (2000)
Belgium: 4.34 million (1999)
Belize: 71,000

note:  shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel (1997 est.)
Benin: NA
Bermuda: 35,296 (1997)
Bhutan: NA

note:  massive lack of skilled labor
Bolivia: 2.5 million
Bosnia and Herzegovina: 1.026 million
Botswana: 235,000 formal sector employees (1995)
Brazil: 79 million (1999 est.)
British Virgin Islands: 4,911 (1980)
Brunei: 144,000 (1995 est.); note - includes foreign workers and military personnel

note:  temporary residents make up 41% of labor force (1991)
Bulgaria: 3.83 million (2000 est.)
Burkina Faso: 5 million (1999)

note:  a large part of the male labor force migrates annually to neighboring countries for seasonal employment
Burma: 19.7 million (FY98/99 est.)
Burundi: 1.9 million
Cambodia: 6 million (1998 est.)
Cameroon: NA
Canada: 16.1 million (2000)
Cape Verde: NA
Cayman Islands: 19,820 (1995)
Central African Republic: NA
Chad: NA
Chile: 5.8 million (1999 est.)
China: 700 million (1998 est.)
Christmas Island: NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: NA
Colombia: 18.3 million (1999 est.)
Comoros: 144,500 (1996 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: 14.51 million (1993 est.)
Congo, Republic of the: NA
Cook Islands: 6,601 (1993)
Costa Rica: 1.9 million (1999)
Cote d'Ivoire: 68% agricultural (2000 est.)
Croatia: 1.68 million (October 2000)
Cuba: 4.3 million (2000 est.)

note:  state sector 75%, non-state sector 25% (1998)
Cyprus: Greek Cypriot area: 291,000; Turkish Cypriot area: 86,300 (2000)
Czech Republic: 5.203 million (1999 est.)
Denmark: 2.856 million (2000 est.)
Djibouti: 282,000
Dominica: 25,000
Dominican Republic: 2.3 million - 2.6 million
Ecuador: 4.2 million
Egypt: 19.9 million (2000 est.)
El Salvador: 2.35 million (1999)
Equatorial Guinea: NA
Eritrea: NA
Estonia: 785,500 (1999 est.)
Ethiopia: NA
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): 1,100 (est.)
Faroe Islands: 24,250 (October 2000)
Fiji: 235,000
Finland: 2.6 million (2000 est.)
France: 25 million (2000)
French Guiana: 58,800 (1997)
French Polynesia: 70,000 (1996)
Gabon: 600,000
Gambia, The: 400,000
Gaza Strip: NA
Georgia: 3.08 million (1997)
Germany: 40.5 million (1999 est.)
Ghana: 9 million (2000 est.)
Gibraltar: 14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers)
Greece: 4.32 million (1999 est.)
Greenland: 24,500 (1999 est.)
Grenada: 42,300 (1996)
Guadeloupe: 125,900 (1997)
Guam: 60,000 (2000 est.)
Guatemala: 4.2 million (1999 est.)
Guernsey: 31,322 (2000)
Guinea: 3 million (1999)
Guinea-Bissau: 480,000
Guyana: 245,492 (1992)
Haiti: 3.6 million (1995)

note:  shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (1998)
Holy See (Vatican City): NA
Honduras: 2.3 million (1997 est.)
Hong Kong: 3.39 million (2000 est.)
Hungary: 4.2 million (1997)
Iceland: 159,000 (2000)
India: NA
Indonesia: 99 million (1999)
Iran: 17.3 million

note:  shortage of skilled labor (1998)
Iraq: 4.4 million (1989)
Ireland: 1.82 million (2000 est.)
Israel: 2.4 million (2000 est.)
Italy: 23.4 million (2000)
Jamaica: 1.13 million (1998)
Japan: 67.7 million (December 2000)
Jersey: 57,050 (1996)
Jordan: 1.15 million

note:  in addition, at least 300,000 workers are employed abroad (1997 est.)
Kazakhstan: 8.8 million (1997)
Kenya: 9.2 million (1998 est.)
Kiribati: 7,870 economically active, not including subsistence farmers (1985 est.)
Korea, North: 9.6 million
Korea, South: 22 million (2000)
Kuwait: 1.3 million (1998 est.)

note:  68% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (July 1998 est.)
Kyrgyzstan: 1.7 million
Laos: 1 million - 1.5 million
Latvia: 1.4 million (2000 est.)
Lebanon: 1.3 million (1999 est.)

note:  in addition, there are as many as 1 million foreign workers (1997 est.)
Lesotho: 700,000 economically active
Libya: 1.5 million (2000 est.)
Liechtenstein: 22,891 of which 13,847 are foreigners; 8,231 commute from Austria and Switzerland to work each day
Lithuania: 2 million (2000 est.)
Luxembourg: 248,000 (of whom 70,200 are foreign cross-border workers primarily from France, Belgium, and Germany) (2000)
Macau: 283,450 (1999)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: 1 million (1999 est.)
Madagascar: 7 million (1999)
Malawi: 3.5 million
Malaysia: 9.6 million (2000 est.)
Maldives: 67,000 (1995)
Mali: NA
Malta: 145,901 (1999)
Man, Isle of: 36,610 (1998)
Marshall Islands: NA
Martinique: 170,000 (1997)
Mauritania: 750,000 (1999)
Mauritius: 514,000 (1995)
Mayotte: NA
Mexico: 39.8 million (2000)
Micronesia, Federated States of: NA
Moldova: 1.7 million (1998)
Monaco: 30,540 (January 1994)
Mongolia: 1.3 million (1999)
Montserrat: 4,521 (1992); note - recently lowered by flight of people from volcanic activity
Morocco: 11 million (1997 est.)
Mozambique: 7.4 million (1997 est.)
Namibia: 500,000
Nepal: 10 million (1996 est.)

note:  severe lack of skilled labor
Netherlands: 7.2 million (2000)
Netherlands Antilles: 89,000
New Caledonia: 79,395 (including 15, 018 unemployed, 1996)
New Zealand: 1.88 million (2000)
Nicaragua: 1.7 million (1999)
Niger: 70,000 receive regular wages or salaries
Nigeria: 66 million (1999 est.)
Niue: 450 (1992 est.)
Norfolk Island: 1,395 (1991 est.)
Northern Mariana Islands: 6,006 total indigenous labor force; 2,699 unemployed; 28,717 foreign workers (1995)
Norway: 2.4 million (2000 est.)
Oman: 850,000 (1997 est.)
Pakistan: 40 million

note:  extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use of child labor (2000 est.)
Palau: 8,300 (1999)
Panama: 1.1 million (2000 est.)

note:  shortage of skilled labor, but an oversupply of unskilled labor
Papua New Guinea: 1.941 million
Paraguay: 2 million (2000 est.)
Peru: 7.6 million (1996 est.)
Philippines: 48.1 million (2000 est.)
Pitcairn Islands: 12 able-bodied men (1997)
Poland: 17.2 million (1999 est.)
Portugal: 5 million (1999)
Puerto Rico: 1.3 million (2000)
Qatar: 233,000 (1993 est.)
Reunion: 261,000 (1995)
Romania: 9.9 million (1999 est.)
Russia: 66 million (1997)
Rwanda: 3.6 million
Saint Helena: 3,500 (1998 est.)

note:  1,200 of whom are working offshore
Saint Kitts and Nevis: 18,172 (June 1995)
Saint Lucia: 43,800
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: 3,000 (1997)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: 67,000 (1984 est.)
Samoa: 90,000 (2000 est.)
San Marino: 18,500 (1999)
Sao Tome and Principe: NA
Saudi Arabia: 7 million

note:  35% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (July 1998 est.)
Senegal: NA
Seychelles: 30,900 (1996)
Sierra Leone: 1.369 million (1981 est.)

note:  only about 65,000 wage earners (1985)
Singapore: 2.1 million (2000)
Slovakia: 3 million (1999)
Slovenia: 857,400
Solomon Islands: 26,842
Somalia: 3.7 million (very few are skilled laborers) (1993 est.)
South Africa: 17 million economically active (2000)
Spain: 17 million (2000)
Sri Lanka: 6.6 million (1998)
Sudan: 11 million (1996 est.)
Suriname: 100,000
Svalbard: NA
Swaziland: NA
Sweden: 4.4 million (2000 est.)
Switzerland: 3.9 million (964,000 foreign workers, mostly Italian) (1998 est.)
Syria: 4.7 million (1998 est.)
Tajikistan: 1.9 million (1996)
Tanzania: 13.495 million
Thailand: 32.6 million (1997 est.)
Togo: 1.74 million (1996)
Tokelau: NA
Tonga: 34,000 (FY96/97)
Trinidad and Tobago: 558,700 (1998)
Tunisia: 2.65 million (2000 est.)

note:  shortage of skilled labor
Turkey: 23 million (2000 est.)

note:  about 1.2 million Turks work abroad (1999)
Turkmenistan: 2.34 million (1996)
Turks and Caicos Islands: 4,848 (1990 est.)
Tuvalu: NA
Uganda: 8.361 million (1993 est.)
Ukraine: 22.8 million (yearend 1997)
United Arab Emirates: 1.4 million (1998 est.)

note:  75% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (July 1998 est.)
United Kingdom: 29.2 million (1999)
United States: 140.9 million (includes unemployed) (2000)
Uruguay: 1.5 million (1999 est.)
Uzbekistan: 11.9 million (1998 est.)
Vanuatu: NA
Venezuela: 9.9 million (1999)
Vietnam: 38.2 million (1998 est.)
Virgin Islands: 47,443 (1990 est.)
Wallis and Futuna: NA
West Bank: NA
Western Sahara: 12,000
World: NA
Yemen: NA
Yugoslavia: 1.6 million (1999 est.)
Zambia: 3.4 million
Zimbabwe: 5.5 million (2000 est.)
Taiwan: 9.8 million (2000 est.)